The role of the planting greenhouse is to provide a relatively stable and controllable environment to improve the stable yield of vegetables and fruits and the quality of crops. At the same time, the planting greenhouse can realize mechanized control and reduce the use of manual workload. So we see that many growers like to use soilless cultivation planting technology, so how does soilless cultivation planting technology develop? Today, Guangyuan Greenhouse Yugong will share with you.
First, the concept of soilless cultivation
Soilless cultivation (refers to the replacement of natural soil cultivation crops with nutrient solution or substrate, mainly including substrate cultivation, hydroponics and fog cultivation. Substrate cultivation is the cultivation of replacing soil with solids such as grass charcoal and sand agricultural and forestry waste, and the nutrient solution is artificially controlled to provide nutrients and water to crops, so that crops can grow normally and complete the entire cultivation cycle.
Second, the current situation and history of soilless cultivation abroad
In 1840, the German scientist V. Heh proposed the theory of plant mineral nutrition, which is the theoretical basis of modern soilless cultivation, and in 1859-1865, German scientists Sackis (SehS) and Knopp Knop achieved success in preparing nutrient hydroponic plants with potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and ferric chloride, which is the earliest hydroponic method P.
At present, more than 100 countries in the world have applied soilless cultivation technology for production, among which, the Netherlands facilities horticulture is the most developed, the cultivation technology is the most advanced, the cultivation area is about 3000hm², and the cultivation of vegetables such as nightshade fruits is basically CNC controlled; Japan’s soilless cultivation technology is also among the top in the world, with a cultivation area of about 300hm², mainly hydroponic and gravel cultivation of nightshade fruits, melons and leafy vegetables, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, etc.
The current soilless cultivation area in the United States is not large, about 200hm², but the world’s first country to apply soilless cultivation technology for production, the United States household soilless cultivation planning is better, there are millions of families across the country to carry out garden soilless cultivation, which is related to the fertile land and better climate in the United States.
D. Savas, G. Manos in the United Kingdom uses the effluent during the cultivation process to supplement the water and nutrients consumed in the nutrient solution to maintain the balance of conductivity (EC value) and achieve the purpose of recycling and reuse of nutrient solution. The Dutch HAltunlu et al. studied that the no-feed type and the bag culture type had an important impact on the quality of cucumbers. In the Netherlands, MBohme et al. added lactate to the nutrient solution, which had a significant effect on the yield and quality of crops. LGrnfadelis et al. of the United States use soilless cultivation systems, especially those using perlite as a substrate, which has considerable benefits. In the study of Dutch et al. that affects the growth of vegetables, the use of appropriate concentrations of salt is very effective in improving the quality of dry sequence.
Third, the development and application of domestic soilless cultivation technology
China has a long history of soilless cultivation, from the most primitive soilless cultivation such as bean sprouts, pot daffodils, etc., to the current numerical control, intelligent greenhouse cultivation of vegetables, flowers, etc. However, the time when China really carried out the research work of soilless cultivation and applied it to production was relatively late.
The main types of soilless cultivation facilities in China are solar greenhouses in the north, plastic greenhouses and glass greenhouses in the south, etc., and CNC intelligent greenhouses have also been developed to a certain extent in recent years. In the early 20s of the 80th century, the total area of facility agricultural cultivation was only 0.72 million hm²; By the end of the 20th century, the total cultivated area was 69,93 hm²: in 2008, the total cultivated area reached 335.718778763 million hm², ranking first in the world. Guangyuan Greenhouse 700 At present, the cultivation area of facility vegetables alone exceeds <> million hm², making it one of the countries with the largest area of facility vegetable cultivation in the world.
In the process of soilless cultivation development in China, the following methods are mainly adopted, including nutrient liquid film technology, deep liquid flow technology, floating capillary hydroponics, rock wool cultivation, Lu SC soilless cultivation method and organic ecological soilless cultivation technology. In recent years, organic ecological soilless cultivation technology has become the main form of soilless cultivation. Vegetable soilless cultivation is mainly cultivated with seedlings, tomatoes, cucumbers, bell peppers, peppers, celery, lettuce, etc.; Secondly, there are soilless cultivation of flowers, edible fungi, medicinal plants and so on. In the past fifteen years, the research of vegetables and flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has made certain progress in the development and research of the standardized technical system of high yield and stable yield of bell pepper. The organic ecological soilless cultivation system has strong operational feasibility, excellent ecological benefits and significant economic benefits, which promotes the development speed of China’s facility agriculture technology, and the application prospects are quite broad.
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